According to the chosen classification, they contain frequently three or more chemical identities (i.e. glycerol, fatty acids and sugar, one long chain base, one nucleoside, one fatty acid and one phosphate group…) and have polar properties. Some contain only two components but including a sugar moiety.
These important lipids are widely distributed in plants, bacteria and animals. They are the major constituents of cell membranes but are found also in circulating fluids. They contain frequently three or more chemical identities (i.e. glycerol, fatty acids and sugar, one long chain base, one fatty acid, one phosphate group and one nucleoside group…) and have polar properties. Some contain only two components but including a sugar moiety.
They can be classified into four main groups:
1 – Lipids with a phosphate residue, one glycerol, or an aminoalcohol or a fatty alcohol, and with one or two fatty chains (exceptionally one inositol group, two phosphates or four fatty chains):
2 – Lipids containing a glycosidic moiety with a glycerol or an aminoalcohol and with fatty chain(s) (sometimes with one or more phosphate groups):
3 – Lipids without phosphate group and containing one amino acid linked to long-chain alcohol and acids:
4 – Lipids containing a nucleobase, or a nucleoside, or a nucleotide or an oligonucleotide:
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